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Chapter 20 |
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Thermal Properties of Matter |
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States of matter |
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describe the pressure, volume, temperature and
mass of the substance |
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Phases of matter |
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determined by the state of matter
solids
- have definite shape and volume, the particles have low energy
liquids
- have definite volume but take the shape of the container they are in, the
particles have more energy than solids
gases - have the shape and
volume of the container they are in, particles have even more energy |
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- the volume is inversely proportional to the
absolute pressure of a gas at constant temperature
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for all gas laws pressure and temperature must be absolute |
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- the volume is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature of a gas at constant pressure
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for all gas laws pressure and temperature must be absolute |
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- the absolute pressure of a gas is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature for a constant volume
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for all gas laws pressure and temperature must be absolute |
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Absolute pressure = gauge pressure +
atmospheric pressure |
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atmospheric pressure |
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14.7 psi 760 mm of Hg
101.3 kPa 1 atmosphere
30 in. of Hg |
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Absolute temperature |
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the temperature at which the volume of a gas
becomes zero under constant pressure |
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Kelvin scale Rankine scale |
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absolute humidity
the mass of water
per unit volume of air |
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relative humidity
the ratio of
actual vapor pressure in the air to
the saturated vapor pressure at that
temperature |
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atomic mass |
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molecular mass |
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evaporation |
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sublimation |
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critical temperature |
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mole |
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boiling |
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saturation |
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vapor pressure |
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triple point |
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Temperature Pressure Temperature Pressure |
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C F mmHg C F mmHg |
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0 32 4.62 50 122 92.5 |
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5 41 6.5 60 140 149.4 |
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10 50 9.2 70 158 233.7 |
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15 59 12.8 80 176 355.1 |
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17 62.6 14.5 85 185 433.6 |
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19 66.2 16.5 90 194 525.8 |
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20 68 17.5 95 203 633.9 |
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22 71.6 19.8 98 208.4 707.3 |
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24 75.2 22.4 100 212 760.0 |
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26 78.8 25.2 103 217.4 845.1 |
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28 82.4 28.3 105 221 906.1 |
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30 86 31.8 110 230 1074.6 |
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35 95 42.2 120 248 1489.1 |
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40 104 55.3 150 302 3570.5 |
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Notes